CommonJS (CJS) is a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of JavaScript server-side execution.
CommonJS's module specification is widely used today, in particular for server-side JavaScript programming with Node.js.
A few examples of the standard is how to define a variable, create new module, import other module:
// 👇 Import module
const fs = require("fs");
// 👇 Define variable
const n = 12;
// 👇 Export modules
module.exports = n;
The most popular CommonJs implementation is Node.js.
You can learn more about CommonJS here.